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fela attorneys is one of the DOT's 10 departments concerned with intermodal transportation. Its mission is enabling the safe and efficient transportation of people and goods. FRA field inspectors routinely inspect railroad track, signal and train control systems as well as operating practices. They also investigate complaints. Definition A federal railroad is a type of rail transport in the United States that is controlled by the government. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) creates and enforces railway safety regulations, administers railway funding, and studies ways to improve the efficiency of rail transportation systems. The FRA is one of the 10 agencies within the U.S. Department of Transportation that is concerned with intermodal transportation, and its chief executive officers are the Administrator and Deputy Administrator. The agency is responsible for all freight and passenger transport that is made possible by the railway network of the United States. The agency also consolidates government funding for rail transportation, and helps with the rehabilitation of the Northeast Corridor passenger service. Additionally, the agency oversees the operation and ownership of all intermodal infrastructures such as tracks, rights-of-way, equipment and real property as well as rolling stock. It also handles the overall coordination of federal rail transportation programs. FRA's duties also include establishing through regulation and following an opportunity for comment the procedure through which anyone can inform the Secretary of Homeland Security any railroad security issues or deficiencies. Additionally, the FRA creates policies and conducts inspections in order to evaluate the compliance of its rail safety laws in six technical disciplines tracks, signal and train control, motive power and equipment, operating practices, hazmat, and highway-rail grade crossings. The agency has the responsibility to make sure the railroad transportation system is safe, economical, and environmentally friendly. The agency also requires that railroads to provide a safe working environment and provide adequate training for their employees. Furthermore, the agency sets and enforces railroad rates to ensure that the public gets fair prices for their transportation services. In addition to that, the Federal Railroad Administration enacts and enforces rules to prevent discrimination against railroad workers, as well as protects whistleblowers from retaliation from railroad companies. The agency also establishes a procedure by which railroad employees can file complaints regarding the company's actions. The primary goal of the agency is to ensure secure, reliable and efficient transportation of people and goods for a strong America now and in future. The FRA achieves this by controlling rail safety, coordinating railroad assistance programmes and conducting research in support of better safety of railroads and national transportation policy, coordinating rail networking development and assisting private companies manage railroads. In the past, railroads were essentially monopolies that had no competition. This meant that the industry often abused its position in the market. Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission, as well as other regulatory agencies, to curb railroad monopolies' abuses. Purpose Federal railroads are government agencies that establish regulations, manage rail funds and conduct research to improve rail transportation in the United America. It supervises passenger and freight railroads, and operates the nation's rail infrastructure. It is one of ten agencies within the U.S. Department of Transportation. It is also tasked with maintaining and expanding existing rail systems, as well as ensuring the ability of the rail industry to meet increasing travel and freight demands and providing leadership in national and regional system planning. Safety is the main responsibility when it comes to rail transportation. The Federal Railroad Administration is responsible for this. It has several divisions which oversee the country's passenger and freight railroad operations. The largest of them is the Office of Railroad Safety, with approximately 350 safety inspectors and is responsible for conducting inspections to determine compliance with regulations in six technical disciplines that include track signals, train control, motive power and equipment, operating practices hazardous materials and highway-rail grade crossings. FRA has several departments which include the Office of Railroad Policy and Development. It oversees programs that are meant to improve freight and passenger rail transportation, such as the Northeast Corridor Future. The department also is responsible for grants that railways and collaborates with other agencies to develop plans for the nation's rail needs. Another essential duty of the FRA is the enforcement of federal laws regarding railroads and their employees. This includes preventing railroads to discriminate against workers and ensuring that all injured railway staff are taken to the nearest hospital for treatment. Additionally, railroads are prohibited from denying or delaying medical treatment to injured railway workers. The FRA is the main regulator of the passenger and freight rail industries, but there are other organizations that manage the economic aspects of rail transport. Surface Transportation Board is responsible for determining rates and governing the economics of the industry. It has regulatory authority on railroad mergers, line-sales, construction and abandonment. After a period of public consultation, the agency is also responsible for establishing regulations that will allow anyone to file a complaint about any alleged safety issues with rail. Functions Rails transport people and goods from and to cities in developed countries as and villages in less developed countries. They transport raw materials to manufacturing and processing factories, and then the final products from those facilities to warehouses and stores. Railroads are a critical form of transportation for many vital commodities, such as coal, oil, and grains. In 2020, freight railroads transported more than a quarter of all freight volume in the United States [PDF]. The federal railroad is managed like any other business. It has departments for marketing and operations, sales and an executive department. The department of marketing and sales consults with customers and potential clients to determine the services they require and what they need to cost. The operations department then creates rail services that meet these requirements at the lowest price possible to earn money for railroad. The executive department oversees the entire operation and makes sure that every department is operating efficiently. The government supports the railways with a variety means that include grants and subsidized rates for government-owned traffic. Congress also provides funds to build stations and tracks. These subsidies are often added to the revenue that railroads receive through tickets and freight contracts. In the United States, the government has the railway for passengers, Amtrak. It is a quasi public for-profit company, with the United States Government as a major stockholder. The Federal Railroad Administration's (FRA) primary function is to develop and enforce safety regulations for railroads. This includes regulating the mechanical conditions of trains as well as the health and safety of railroad employees. FRA also analyzes and collects information on rail safety to identify trends and areas that may require more or better regulatory attention. In addition to these fundamental tasks, FRA works on various other projects related to improving the economy and security of railway transportation in the United States. For instance, FRA seeks to eliminate obstacles that could delay railroads' introduction of positive train control systems (PTC). PTC is a safety system that uses sensors and on-board computers to automatically stop the train when it is too close to a vehicle or object. History The first railroads in the United States were constructed in the 1820s and 1830s mostly in New England and the Mid-Atlantic states. Railroads helped speed up industrialization and brought more food to market in these areas. This allowed the country become more independent and less dependent on imports. In the latter half of the nineteenth century the railroad industry was experiencing a “Golden Age,” during which many new railway lines that were more efficient were built, and passenger travel by train became increasingly popular. The government's efforts to expand the railroad system was an important reason. For instance the government offered land grants to homesteaders to encourage them to settle in the West and the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads collaborated to build the first transcontinental railroad which enabled travel from New York to San Francisco in just six days. However, in the first half of the 20th century, demand for railroad passenger services slowed and other transportation options like automobiles and planes gained in popularity, while stifling regulations hampered railroads competitiveness economically. The industry was plagued by a series of bankruptcy as well as service cuts and delayed maintenance. In addition, a misguided federal railway regulations caused the demise of the industry. In the year 1970, the federal government began to loosen the restrictions on railroads' regulatory requirements. Surface Transportation Board was created to oversee economic issues such as railroad rates and mergers. The Federal Railroad Administration was also established, which is responsible for establishing rail safety regulations and is one of 10 agencies within the U.S. Department of Transportation which oversees passenger and freight transportation. Since then, a significant amount of money has been made in the country's railway infrastructure. The Northeast Corridor, for example has been renovated to accommodate more efficient, faster and modern high speed ground transportation (HSGT) trains. The effort has also been made to develop more efficient freight rail systems. FRA hopes to continue working with all transportation agencies to ensure the safety and reliability of rails in the future. FRA's mission is to ensure that the nation's transportation system is running as efficiently as is possible.